Cracking is the process by which heavy hydrocarbon molecules are broken into lighter molecules by,pressure and catalysts. Cracking is the most important process for the commercial production of gasoline and diesel fuel. The first thermal cracking process for breaking large nonvolatile hydrocarbons into gasoline came into use in 1913.It was invented by William Merriam Burton. The rate of cracking and the end products are strongly dependent on the temperature and presence of catalysts. Hydrocarbon cracking is the process of breaking a long-chain of hydrocarbons into short ones. This process requires high temperatures and high pressure.
Other than the chemistry the term "cracking" is used to describe any type of splitting of molecules under the influence of heat, catalysts and solvents. Fluid catalytic cracking produces a high yield of petrol and LPG, when hydrocracking is a major source of jet fuel, Diesel fuel, naphtha, and again yields LPG.
Earlier high-pressure thermal cracking operates at absolute pressures of about 7,000 kPa. Thermal cracking is currently used to "upgrade" very heavy fractions. William Merriam Burton developed one of the earliest thermal cracking processes in 1912 which operated at 700–750 °F.
In Steam cracking is a petrochemical process the saturated hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller, often unsaturated, hydrocarbons. It is the principal industrial method for producing the lighter alkenes , ethene and propene. In steam cracking, a gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon feed like naphtha, LPG or ethane is diluted with steam and briefly heated in a furnace without the presence of oxygen. Typically, the reaction temperature is very high, at around 850 °C.
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Other than the chemistry the term "cracking" is used to describe any type of splitting of molecules under the influence of heat, catalysts and solvents. Fluid catalytic cracking produces a high yield of petrol and LPG, when hydrocracking is a major source of jet fuel, Diesel fuel, naphtha, and again yields LPG.
Earlier high-pressure thermal cracking operates at absolute pressures of about 7,000 kPa. Thermal cracking is currently used to "upgrade" very heavy fractions. William Merriam Burton developed one of the earliest thermal cracking processes in 1912 which operated at 700–750 °F.
In Steam cracking is a petrochemical process the saturated hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller, often unsaturated, hydrocarbons. It is the principal industrial method for producing the lighter alkenes , ethene and propene. In steam cracking, a gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon feed like naphtha, LPG or ethane is diluted with steam and briefly heated in a furnace without the presence of oxygen. Typically, the reaction temperature is very high, at around 850 °C.
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